Cooling the forearm/hand tended to cause underestimation, and a power function is recommended for establishing the relationship between actual and estimated handgrip force. Females and the middle range of TFL had greater deviations.
#CONTRACTION INTENSITY SCALE SKIN#
Manipulation with grip strength is essential in daily life and the workplace, so it is important to understand the influence of lowering the forearm/hand skin temperature on grip-strength estimation. The cooling caused underestimation, and a power function is recommended for establishing the relationship between actual and estimated handgrip force. A cold pressor was used to cool the hand. Practitioner Summary: It is important to understand the effect of lowering the forearm/hand skin temperature on grip-strength estimation. Statement of relevance: Manipulation with grip strength is essential in daily life and the workplace, so it is important to understand the influence of lowering the forearm/hand skin temperature on grip-strength estimation. Furthermore, a power function is recommended for establishing the relationship between actual and estimated handgrip force. Cooling caused an underestimation of grip strength. In addition, both genders had greater absolute deviations in the middle range of TFLs. The results indicated that females had greater absolute estimation deviations.
![contraction intensity scale contraction intensity scale](https://pregactive.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/RPE.jpg)
A total of 10 male and 10 female participants were recruited. A cold pressor test was used to lower and maintain the hand skin temperature at 14☌ for comparison with the uncooled condition. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the effect of local cooling of the forearm/hand on estimation of handgrip strength at various target force levels (TFLs, in percentage of MVC) for both genders.
#CONTRACTION INTENSITY SCALE MANUAL#
Handgrip strength is essential in manual operations and activities of daily life, but the influence of forearm/hand skin temperature on estimation of handgrip strength is not well documented. The major findings demonstrated that arm position plays a minimal role in mediating the growth in the perceived exertion response, as a function of contraction intensity. The perceived exertion response, as a function of contraction intensity, was best described as linear across the 30 degrees -90 degrees, while a power function described the response at 15 degrees. The ratings of perceived exertion increased significantly (p < 0.05) across the range of contraction intensities, with no significant differences between arm angles. Voluntary arm abduction torque was significantly (p < 0.05) lower at 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees and 90 degrees, as compared to 15 degrees.
![contraction intensity scale contraction intensity scale](https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/444050/fnins-13-00398-HTML/image_m/fnins-13-00398-g003.jpg)
Perceived exertion was sampled with a modified Borg category-ratio scale immediately, following each sub-maximal contraction. The sub-maximal arm abduction contractions (10 s) were performed to target intensities ranging from 10 to 90% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), in randomly ordered 10% increments. Twelve healthy young adults participated in six separate experimental sessions, during which maximal and sub-maximal arm abduction contractions were performed at one of the following randomly assigned arm angles: 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees arm angles (degrees). The objective of the present investigation was to examine the effects of voluntary contraction intensity and arm elevation angle on ratings of perceived exertion in healthy young adults.